The Power of Diversity in Neuroscience Research Models.

Neuroscience thrives on diversity-not only in the questions it asks but also in the models it uses to explore them. Across the field, different animal models have played pivotal roles in uncovering the principles governing brain function, development, and disease. Yet, the choice of model organisms remains a subject of debate. This editorial highlights the importance of embracing a wide range of animal models in neuroscience research. Each model offers unique strengths aligned with particular experimental approaches and scientific questions, contributing complementary insights that no single species alone can provide. By leveraging this diversity, we can achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the brain across levels of organization, from molecular pathways to behavioral outputs at the organismal level. Beyond the scientific advantages, we also discuss ethical and practical considerations: A diverse approach can promote responsible animal use by tailoring species choice to specific research goals. It can also foster environmental sustainability by avoiding unnecessary duplication of effort and resources. We call on neuroscientists to reflect on the value of integrating insights across species and experimental approaches. By moving beyond entrenched preferences and disciplinary silos, the field can unlock new opportunities for discovery. In championing the use of diverse animal models, we aim to inspire a more inclusive, efficient, and impactful neuroscience that rises to the complexity of its subject.